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Sep 07, 1993 · An improved method of chemical recovery from kraft black liquor is disclosed in which the heat generated by controlled oxidation of the liquor is utilized to reduce the viscosity and net heating value of the liquor which allows the firing of a more concentrated liquor in the recovery boiler.
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Acidic sulfates (NaHSO4 and Na2S207) have been suggested as the cause of corrosive sticky d~posits in recovery boilers. Recovery-boiler precipitator dusts and pure Na2SO4 were examined for their tendency to form acidic sulfates in simulated flue gases. Formation was strongly influenced by temperature and by gas-phase concentrations of SOx and
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Cross recovery is the use of the waste liquor of a semi-chemical mill as the make-up chemical in the kraft recovery plant. For example, tiie NajSOg in the waste liquor of an NSSC mill, when added to the kraft recovery boiler, is converted to NajS during burning of the liquor and fiirnishes the kraft mill with its make-up sulfiir and sodium.
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Aug 01, 2001 · @article{osti_896279, title = {Synergistic air port corrosion in kraft recovery boilers}, author = {Holcomb, Gordon R}, abstractNote = {Localized hot corrosion can occur on the cold-side of air-ports in Kraft recovery boilers. Depending on the basicity of the molten salt, either acidic or basic fluxing takes place, with a solubility minima at the transition between the two …
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Aug 01, 2014 · A model is developed for the alkali metal compounds in a kraft recovery boiler. • The model simulates the formation of fine fume particles and their deposition. • The results for particle composition agree well with boiler measurements. • Thermophoresis seems to be the dominant deposition mechanism for fume.
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In: Adams, T.N., Kraft Recovery Boilers 6B, TAPPI Press, Norcross, GA, p. 61, (Chapter 3). pressurized storage tank, the final concentration can be in the range of 75 85% dry solids and even higher at a storage temperature of 125 150 C. Medium pressure steam in the evaporation plant is used for these extremely high concentrations.
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Treating With Sulphuric Acid Vadivel M1., Umarani C2., Rajesh K.S3. & Eashwaran4 ABSTRACT The presence of 40% to 50% inorganic material in black liquor being fired to a recovery boiler forms a low melting temperature ash or smelt after combustion. As a result of burning black liquor, fly ash deposits on tube surfaces in the upper furnace.
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Sulfur dioxide (S02) and sulfur trioxide (SO3) are produced during combustion of kraft liquor in the recovery boiler. The formation of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) depends on the equilibrium between sulfur trioxide, water vapor and H2S04 in the flue gas: S03 + H20 H2S04 Below the dewpoint the acid will condense. Higher dewpoints caused'by
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Jun 28, 2021 · The sodium sulfate is not the active chemical during the kraft pulping process but only the source to generate sodium sulfide (Na 2 S). Most of the sodium sulfate in the recovery boiler is reduced to Na 2 S. The efficiency of this reduction is called reduction efficiency and normal values are in the range of 90–94 per cent.
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In: Adams, T.N., Kraft Recovery Boilers 6B, TAPPI Press, Norcross, GA, p. 61, (Chapter 3). pressurized storage tank, the final concentration can be in the range of 75 85% dry solids and even higher at a storage temperature of 125 150 C. Medium pressure steam in the evaporation plant is used for these extremely high concentrations.
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May 01, 1994 · Acidic sulfates, such as NaHSO[sub 4] and Na[sub 2]S[sub 2]O[sub 7], are suspected in sticky deposit formation and tube corrosion in the generating bank and economizer regions of kraft recovery boilers. Their stability was examined in air, moist conditions, and in the presence of Na[sub 2]CO[sub 3] at various temperatures.
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high sulfur content and low heating value of sludge, the ash components in the sludge play an important role in combustion. The sulfur has positive effect of the sulfating alkali chlorides when chlorine is present in biomass combustion. The measurement campaign at the Kraft recovery boiler resulted in data valuable
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Recovery Boilers 9 8 5 Recoverable CTO 13 46 43 Crude tall oil soap recovery is regularly reported by the Pine Chemicals Association for its member companies. Most members are located in the southeastern U.S. The annual recovery of tall oil soap for the mills from various wood procurement regions is as follows: Table 4.3.4.
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the SO2 emission in a recovery boiler is affected by the sulfur load to the furnace and the furnace temperature, the acidic sulfates can be generated in the dust. Acidic sulfates decrease there is no generally accepted agreement on the sulfur reaction and dust formation pathways in recovery boiler furnace. The main question is if the
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Jan 01, 2003 · @article{osti_898080, title = {Hot Corrosion at Air-Ports in Kraft Recovery Boilers}, author = {Holcomb, Gordon R and Covino, Jr, Bernard S and Russell, James H}, abstractNote = {Hot corrosion can occur on the cold-side of airports in Kraft recovery boilers. The primary corrosion mechanism involves the migration of sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide …
Get pricerecovery boilers (1–3). Due to the important role of acidic sulfates in recovery boiler performance, their formation and stability have been intensively studied (4, 5). NaHSO can be formed directly
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found in biomass boiler superheaters that may cause degradation of superheater tubes. After depletion of chromium by chromate formation or chromic acid volatilization exceeds a critical amount, the protective scale gives way to a thick layer …
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All fired process heaters and boilers that burn fuels containing sulfur have the potential for sulfuric acid dew-point corrosion in the economizer sections and in the stacks. The stack is the most vulnerable unit in the gas-handling system because of poorly controlled operation of the furnace and other components of the gas train.
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kraft recovery circulation can take several weeks or even months (Figure 4). Since the changes are not immediate, the chloride and potassium removal system can be shut down without interfering with recovery boiler operation. Also, if the need for Cl and K re-moval decreases over time, the system can be operated periodically to keep the con-
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Learn more about Kraft Recovery Boiler Fundamentals Course at Vector Solutions. Download catalog and a request a demo and pricing.
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Cross recovery is the use of the waste liquor of a semi-chemical mill as the make-up chemical in the kraft recovery plant. For example, tiie NajSOg in the waste liquor of an NSSC mill, when added to the kraft recovery boiler, is converted to NajS during burning of the liquor and fiirnishes the kraft mill with its make-up sulfiir and sodium.
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To avoid disrupting the balance between sodium and sulfur in a typical kraft recovery system, CO2 is the only feasible acid that can be used at an industrial scale to bring about phase separation. Other acids, such as H2SO4 can be used later to fully protonate the precipitated lignin that will not be returned to the boiler.
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Feb 01, 2002 · Application: In the floor tubes of kraft recovery boilers, conditions are conducive to stress-corrosion cracking in composite metal when smelt that is rich in sulfur enters a molten phase. This study is part of a research project on the conditions that favor the formation of stress-corrosion cracks while a recovery boiler is operating.
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kraft recovery circulation can take several weeks or even months (Figure 4). Since the changes are not immediate, the chloride and potassium removal system can be shut down without interfering with recovery boiler operation. Also, if the need for Cl and K re-moval decreases over time, the system can be operated periodically to keep the con-
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Thompson, D. Singbeil, C. Guzi, and D. Corrosion", 11th International Symposium on Streit, "Corrosion of generating bank tubes at Corrosion in the Pulp and Paper Industry, the mud drum interface in kraft recovery Charleston, SC, June 8-11, 2004, published boilers," p.309-318 in Corrosion Problems in TAPPI Press, Atlanta, GA, 2004.
Get priceFeb 11, 2016 · The reason there is no H2SO4 is the formation of acidic sulfates (sodium bisulfate (NaHSO4) and potassium bisulfate (KHSO4)), which can be responsible for the pitting corrosion associated with sulfuric acid in economizers and electrostatic precipitators [24]. 2007. [23] Mikkanen P.: Fly ash particle formation in kraft recovery boilers
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produced from the lime kiln and recovery furnace, respectively.5-6 A major source of emissions in a kraft mill is the boiler for generating auxiliary steam and power. The fuels are coal, oil, natural gas, or bark/wood waste. See Chapter 1, "External Combustion Sources", for …
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the SO2 emission in a recovery boiler is affected by the sulfur load to the furnace and the furnace temperature, the acidic sulfates can be generated in the dust. Acidic sulfates decrease there is no generally accepted agreement on the sulfur reaction and dust formation pathways in recovery boiler furnace. The main question is if the
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kraft recovery boilers in the pulp and paper industry . Scope . This TIP provides basic information on nitrogen oxide (NO x) formation and control technologies. After years of limited interest in applying NO x regulations on industrial boilers that fire biomass derived fuel (hog fuel, bark, wood
Get priceThe phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) content of chicken litter ash will lead to the formation of _____ acid condensate which will react with iron boiler tubes to form iron _____, which forms a difficult-to-remove scaly deposit on such boiler tubes, yet such deposits are …
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Feb 15, 2018 · 1. Introduction. The recovery boilers of Kraft pulp mills are responsible for the recovery of process chemicals and conversion of the energy content of black liquor to heat and power,, .The material streams leaving the recovery boiler include the smelt, which contains the process chemicals sodium and sulfur, mainly as Na 2 CO 3 and Na 2 S, and recovery boiler fly …
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Thompson, D. Singbeil, C. Guzi, and D. Corrosion", 11th International Symposium on Streit, "Corrosion of generating bank tubes at Corrosion in the Pulp and Paper Industry, the mud drum interface in kraft recovery Charleston, SC, June 8-11, 2004, published boilers," p.309-318 in Corrosion Problems in TAPPI Press, Atlanta, GA, 2004.
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-3- Kraft Recovery The active pulping chemicals in the kraft process are sodium sulfide and caustic (sodium hydroxide). When the liquor is burned under reductive conditions in a recovery boiler the sodium and sulfur which are present in the black liquor are converted to sodium carbonate and sodium sulfide.
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Acidic sulfates (NaHSO 4 and N%S 2 0 7) have been suggested as the cause of corrosive sticky d~posits in recovery boilers. Recovery-boiler precipitator dusts and …
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Feb 11, 2016 · The reason there is no H2SO4 is the formation of acidic sulfates (sodium bisulfate (NaHSO4) and potassium bisulfate (KHSO4)), which can be responsible for the pitting corrosion associated with sulfuric acid in economizers and electrostatic precipitators [24]. 2007. [23] Mikkanen P.: Fly ash particle formation in kraft recovery boilers
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high sulfur content and low heating value of sludge, the ash components in the sludge play an important role in combustion. The sulfur has positive effect of the sulfating alkali chlorides when chlorine is present in biomass combustion. The measurement campaign at the Kraft recovery boiler resulted in data valuable
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May 03, 2011 · The development of the recovery boiler by Tomlinson in conjunction with Babcock & Wilcox in the early 1930s led to the predominance of the kraft process. Fig. 17.7 shows a typical recovery boiler design, while Fig. 17.8 compares two types of boilers with widespread use. Fig. 17.9 shows a recovery boiler building at a brown paper mill. The purpose of the recovery boiler …
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The invention of the recovery boiler by G.H. Tomlinson in the early 1930s allowed kraft mills to recycle almost all of their pulping chemicals. This, along with the ability of the kraft process to accept a wider variety of types of wood and produce stronger fibers made the kraft process the dominant pulping process starting in the 1940s.
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Methods and apparatus for maintaining sulfur concentration in the chemical recovery cycle of a Kraft pulping process. A portion of the recovery boiler ash is dissolved, treated to remove solids, and combined with an acid to provide a solution. The recovery boiler ash may be dissolved directly in the acid. The acid may be effluent from a chlorine dioxide generator.
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kraft recovery boilers in the pulp and paper industry . Scope . This TIP provides basic information on nitrogen oxide (NO x) formation and control technologies. After years of limited interest in applying NO x regulations on industrial boilers that fire biomass derived fuel (hog fuel, bark, wood
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